Propylene Glycol (PG) is a highly versatile ingredient used in cosmetics and personal care products. It acts as a humectant, drawing moisture into the skin, and as an emollient, providing smoothness. Its solvent properties help dissolve and blend ingredients, while its ability as a penetration enhancer allows active ingredients to reach deeper into the skin. Propylene Glycol is also used to stabilize emulsions and improve the texture and performance of products like creams, lotions, and hair care items by retaining moisture.
Key Benefits & Features
- Effective Humectant: Propylene Glycol draws moisture from the air into the skin, improving skin hydration and smoothness. It helps prevent moisture loss in formulations, making it a crucial component in moisturizers.
- Emulsion Stabilizer: This ingredient helps maintain product consistency by stabilizing emulsions, ensuring a smooth texture throughout the shelf life of the product.
- Penetration Enhancer: Propylene Glycol increases the permeability of the skin, allowing active ingredients to penetrate deeper and work more effectively.
- Non-Irritating at Low Concentrations: When used at recommended concentrations (1-5%), Propylene Glycol is generally non-irritating and safe for most skin types.
- Freeze/Thaw Stability: Enhances the stability of products that are exposed to extreme temperatures, preventing ingredient separation.
Ingredients (Common Name): Propylene Glycol
Ingredients (INCI Name): Propylene Glycol
CAS No: 57-55-6
Appearance: Clear, colorless, and odorless liquid
Solubility: Soluble in water, glycerin, and alcohol
Suggested Uses: Can be used by all skin types and in hair care formulations like lotions, soaps, and hair care products.
pH Range: 7-7.5
Recommended Usage: Ranging from 1-20%
Storage: Cool, dark place, away from light and heat. It should also be protected from moisture and air to maintain its stability and potency.
Suggested Uses
- Skincare:
- In moisturizers, creams, and serums, Propylene Glycol increases hydration and enhances the texture for a smoother application.
- In sunscreens, it acts as a solvent and stabilizer to ensure even distribution of UV filters.
- Hair Care:
- Used in shampoos, conditioners, and styling products to help retain moisture in the hair shaft, reducing frizz and improving manageability.
- Adds smoothness to leave-in conditioners and hair masks.
- Cosmetic & Makeup Products:
- Improves product spreadability and texture in foundations, eyeliners, and mascaras.
- Enhances the solubility of active ingredients in cosmetic formulations and ensures they are evenly distributed.
Recommended Usage Levels
- 1-5%: For moisturizing and penetration-enhancing properties in skincare.
- 5-20%: For more emollient-rich formulas such as serums and leave-on products.
- Up to 50%: In more intense formulations or pharmaceutical ointments, though high levels can increase skin sensitivity.
Formulation Tips
- Humectant Pairing: Combine Propylene Glycol with other humectants like glycerin or hyaluronic acid for boosted moisturizing effects.
- Emulsion Stabilizer: Use in the water phase of your emulsion to stabilize formulas and improve freeze-thaw stability.
- Non-Irritating Concentration: Keep concentrations under 5% to reduce the risk of irritation for sensitive skin.
Why Choose Propylene Glycol?
- Multifunctional: Works as a humectant, emollient, solvent, and penetration enhancer in a single ingredient.
- Hydration Boost: Ideal for formulations requiring long-lasting hydration, ensuring skin and hair stay moisturized throughout the day.
- Versatile Use: Compatible with a wide range of ingredients, making it perfect for everything from facial creams to hair serums.
- Cost-Effective: Provides high functionality at a relatively low cost, making it suitable for both DIY formulators and commercial manufacturers.
Safety and Storage
Safety: Propylene Glycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 50%. However, it can cause irritation at higher levels, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is meant for external use only and should not be ingested. If you’re pregnant or under medical supervision, consult a healthcare professional before use.
Storage & Shelf Life
Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat and direct sunlight. Propylene Glycol is stable for up to 2 years when stored correctly. Ensure the container is tightly closed to avoid contamination and maintain its efficacy.
